Mohammad Mehraein; Amir Teymour Rafiei; Mohammad Nabi Salim
Abstract
India's human geography, due to its ethnic diversity and religious diversity, has provided a fertile ground for the country's political and social challenges. Since India ruled with Muslim rulers for about six hundred years, prudent religious policy was essential for political stability and cohesion. ...
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India's human geography, due to its ethnic diversity and religious diversity, has provided a fertile ground for the country's political and social challenges. Since India ruled with Muslim rulers for about six hundred years, prudent religious policy was essential for political stability and cohesion. The Gurkhanid rule, which rules over a large part of the Indian subcontinent, is based on religious tolerance of Buddhist followers. , Hindus and Sikhs ruled their territory and even Akbarshah tried to minimize the challenges by proposing the unity of religions; But Aurangzeb's turn to bigotry and strict religious policy dealt a major blow to the foundations of the Gurkhani empire. Using a descriptive research method, this study answers the question of why the policy of religious tolerance was abandoned and what was the result, despite Gurkhanian understanding of the quality of India's human and political geography? Studies show that in addition to the effective role of Akbarshah's successors, especially Aurangzeb, in prioritizing a religion and avoiding religious tolerance, the emergence of Maharaja's independence tendencies and the gradual transformation of Hindu ethnic dispersion led to the abolition of tolerance, increasing dissatisfaction And weakened the foundations of the Gurkhanids
Political Geography
bagher ghalibaf; mahmood vasegh; Hadi Ajili; shahabeddin shafi
Abstract
Game theory is a well-known theory in political studies, international relations and interdisciplinary research, which is widely used in the analysis of phenomena in different dimensions and at the national, regional and global geographic levels. Although the concept of "competition" plays a key role ...
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Game theory is a well-known theory in political studies, international relations and interdisciplinary research, which is widely used in the analysis of phenomena in different dimensions and at the national, regional and global geographic levels. Although the concept of "competition" plays a key role in the drawing and formation of game theory, in spite of that, the scientific literature of geopolitical knowledge has not benefited from it to investigate the phenomena. For this purpose, the geopolitical explanation of game theory in geopolitical systems and the introduction of this concept to geopolitical analysis and explanation is the topic of the upcoming article. This article tries to answer the question of how to explain the structure and function of game theory in geographical environments with the approach of geopolitical systems. In response to this question and with an explanatory descriptive method based on Saunders' research methodology model, the hypothesis of the article is that "the theory of games in competitions, conflicts, cooperation and convergences and other patterns of geopolitical relations and in complex geopolitical systems with at least one objective geographical source deals with, has the role of modeling and drawing operational solutions, and by receiving data and values from geopolitics, it brings the complex geopolitical system to a new balance and order". The findings of the research show that game theory is the subject of social, political and international relations studies, and in particular, due to the centrality of "power and competition" in this theory, it is considered a topic of discussion in geopolitical science. Since the function of game theory is considered in geopolitical systems, the authors' interpretation of the concept of system is "complex geopolitical system" with the components of complexity theory.
